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            Tree swallows squeeze together on a branch to stay warm during a snowstorm.  ROOSTING AND CUDDLING


            CLAUDIA DAVIDS/READERS' PHOTO SHOWCASE 2016                  warmth, small birds such as tree swallows
                                                                           Similar to people who may cuddle for


                                                                         crowd together in shrubs, vines and evergreen
                                                                         trees to share body heat. They can also slow
                                                                         their metabolic rate to conserve energy.
                                                                           Cavity nesters, including nuthatches, tit-
                                                                         mice, and downy woodpeckers, use tree cav-
                                                                         ities and nest boxes to stay warm. Cavities
                                                                         and boxes provide protection from the
                                                                         weather and help birds hide from predators.
                                                                           Larger birds including American crows
                                                                         and ring-billed gulls are also known to flock
                                                                         together for warmth.











                                                                         As the snow falls, a female red-bellied woodpecker taps a
                                                                         well-used source for nourishment.

            JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2024                                                                             31
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